目的 以701份杜仲种质资源为研究对象，探究杜仲种质资源叶片表型性状遗传多样性，为杜仲优良资源选育和开发利用提供理论支撑和材料。 方法 对杜仲叶片14个表型性状进行测定，结合相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等统计方法，探究杜仲不同种质间叶片表型的遗传多样性。 结果 不同来源地杜仲叶片的14个表型性状间存在较大差异，叶面积变异系数最大（20.68%），叶绿素参考值变异系数最小（4.57%）；各表型性状的遗传多样性指数为 1.90～2.09，叶片长和叶柄长的遗传多样性指数最大，均为2.09；叶片表型性状间呈极显著正相关的有26对，呈极显著负相关的有19对，叶片长、叶片宽、叶面积、叶周长、叶柄长5个性状间均呈极显著正相关。主成分分析提取的6个主成分，累积贡献率达89.211%。基于14个表型性状，将701份杜仲种质划分为4类，各类群间叶片表型性状存在较大差异。 结论 杜仲种质资源叶片表型性状表现出丰富的多样性，筛选出叶面积、鲜比叶质量、叶片绿色成分、叶绿素参考值、长宽比、节间距6个性状可作为评定杜仲资源的主要表型指标，为叶用杜仲良种选育及综合利用提供了优异的种质基础。

以杜仲叶片cDNA为模板,采用反转录RCR及RACE技术分离出DXR基因cDNA全长。序列分析结果表明该基因序列全长1 814 bp,共编码478个氨基酸,推导的蛋白质分子量为51.71 kD,理论等电点5.79,命名为EuDXR。推导的EuDXR蛋白质序列具有植物DXR酶的5个典型基序,并预测出26个潜在的功能位点。系统进化树分析表明EuDXR蛋白与玉米、水稻亲缘关系最近,其次为橡胶、拟南芥、烟草。

In order to set up the genetic diversity system of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver based on SSR molecular markers, the establishment of SSR-PCR reaction system and screening out SSR marker primer showing high polymorphism were studied. A L9(34) orthogonal design was performed to optimize the main factors of the SSR-PCR reaction system. The results indicated that the best SSR-PCR reaction system for E.ulmoides was DNA template 1 μL (30~60 ng·μL-1), 2×Taq PCR Master Mix 10 μL, primer 1 μL with the total volume of 25 μL. The PCR reaction system had high stability and repeatability, the pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism were gotten. The 8 E.ulmoides samples' DNA sequence was amplified with 13 pairs of SSR primers by SSR-PCR technique, 34 alleles were detected, 2.6 alleles were detected from per site on average. Each allele's effective number was 1.751 5, and the h value was 0.379 8, the average I value was 0.643 3. This study is helpful in using SSR molecular marker to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationship in E. ulmoides.